Entropy

“The entropy of the universe never decreases: during any process, the entropy either remains constant or else increases”. (Second Law of Thermodynamics) College Physics, 5th ed. Franklin Miller, Jr., p. 372, 1982.

This is not true for AD. For AD, entropy in the universe is a constant. The fundamental action in the AD universe consists of mass decay and energy absorption which will create “singularities” (stellar mass), “mass-concentration” as systems of large internal energy, and consequently, of small entropy.

But it is important to realize that the entropy principle refers exclusively to heat, that is, caloric energy.

What is the relationship between caloric energy (i.e. particles in motion), radiant energy, and gravitational energy?

AD theory explains universal gravitation as mass transformation by pico-graviton absorption, but the inverse process is true: mass decaying, in stellar conditions, will create pico-gravitons and the universal cycle of mass evolution is possible.

The transformation chain is large and probably complicated but the process is a closed cycle.